Underground Sea
They can use (untreated) seawater directly from the sea to grow plants in the deserts of Australia?
By pumping water through pipes groundwater from the ocean to the deserts
No. The ocean water is so saline, that plant life will not be possible if it is used to water them.
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Cotton uses enormous amounts of water, both for production and process.
A consummate consumer of water
Some estimates indicate that is the largest user of water among all agricultural products. Estimates indicate that cotton represents more than half of irrigated farmland in the world. Cotton production and processing is also a major source of pollution of fresh water (Soth 1999).
Inefficient water management
In many cotton-producing areas, surface water is diverted to irrigate cotton. Most systems cotton irrigation depend on traditional techniques of flooding. Fresh water is taken from its source (eg river, lake, reservoir, or underground) and transported through a series of still smaller channels open to the irrigation area.
Are losses of fresh water by evaporation, filtration, and inefficient water management. Worldwide, irrigation efficiency of all types is less than 40% (Gleick 1993). This means you never 60% of water used for irrigation comes the target plant.
Substantial damage to the Aral Sea Basin
Continuous cultivation of cotton in the Aral Sea Basin in Uzbekistan has caused a tremendous decrease in sea surface – which has reduced by almost half. The reason is that two of the rivers feeding the Aral Sea before (the Amu Darya and Syr Darya River) was diverted for cotton production.
Once the world's fourth largest lake, the Aral Sea once housed many fish, there are now few. Also, some 20 of its 24 native fish species have become extinct there, including the sturgeon that produces world-famous caviar. China's Yellow River valley, where cotton is grown under both irrigated and rainfed, shortage of irrigation water due to groundwater also reported (Gillham 1995).
Major impacts ranging
The main activities associated with cotton production that affect ecosystems freshwater and biodiversity include runoff from fields, sewage, pesticide application, water withdrawals for irrigation, extensive irrigation, construction of dams and land reclamation. These activities generate a variety of impacts of eutrophication and pollution to loss of soil and biodiversity of others.
The depletion of groundwater
Groundwater depletion is another environmental problem associated with the cultivation of cotton. In many areas groundwater is pumped to irrigate cotton. In essence, this water is extracted from underground reserves. In ossified aquifers, which are the aquifers with lids solids that do not allow water that is replenished by surface runoff, water is a nonrenewable resource. Even in the systems of other types of aquifers, water Groundwater can take hundreds or even thousands of years to be refilled once they have been exhausted.
According to a recent report by World Wildlife Fund on the cotton (Soth 1999), the impact of cotton on the total supply of freshwater is probably far greater than the risk of sample data. Even with irrigated cotton, 60% of water demand is supplied by rainfall (Klohn, 1998). The world's total freshwater demand for cotton is between 50 and 210 miles Cu per year. This is between 1% and 6% of total global freshwater withdrawal (Soth 1999).
About the Author:
YarnsandFibers.comis the largest textile portal in the world. It also has a large collections of buyers, suppliers and traders of yarns and fibers.
Article Source: ArticlesBase.com – Environmental Impacts of Production: Water Use
The Underground Sea 1
